Education Articles

Introduction: Cystoscopy is a basic urologic skill necessary for the endoscopic evaluation of the urethra and bladder. Presented is a step-by-step guide for flexible cystoscopy of the male and female patient.

Introduction: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) offers superior voiding outcomes to traditional transurethral resection and less morbidity than open simple prostatectomy. Likewise, HoLEP has been determined to result in excellent outcomes regardless of gland size. We present a step-by-step surgical approach to HoLEP describing both the traditional enucleation technique and a modified “top-down” surgical technique.

Radical prostatectomy remains an important means to treat prostate cancer. A major limiting factor to radical prostatectomy is short- and long-term complications, especially incontinence and sexual dysfunction. With the advent of robotic radical prostatectomy, the ability to easily evaluate technical issues with video has been realized. In this article, we present a step-by-step examination of our procedure and our results over the past 5 years.

According to the latest American and European Urological Association guidelines, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the current gold standard treatment for patients presenting with symptomatic large or complex renal stones ≥2 cm. This review chapter and accompanying videos will review the latest literature on indications, preoperative preparations, different patient positions, in addition to step by step explanations for the technique of PNL. Postoperative care and troubleshooting tips are provided. Furthermore, latest reported outcomes are reviewed.